Periodontal (Gum) Disease

Periodontal disease is an infection and inflammation of the gum tissue, often caused by plaque buildup on the teeth. If plaque isn’t removed through regular brushing and professional cleanings, it hardens into calculus, which can contribute to gum disease.

Without proper care and routine dental visits, the infection can progress, leading to irreversible damage. This can cause gum recession, loosened teeth, and, in severe cases, tooth loss.

  • Bleeding Gums – Gums bleed when brushing, flossing, or eating certain foods.
  • Swollen or Red Gums – Gums appear puffy, red, or inflamed rather than a healthy pink.
  • Bad Breath (Halitosis) – Persistent bad breath or a bad taste in the mouth.
  • Receding Gums – Gums pull away from the teeth, making teeth appear longer than usual.
  • Loose Teeth – Teeth may become loose or shift in position.
  • Painful Chewing – Discomfort or pain when biting down or chewing.
  • Sensitivity – Increased sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods and drinks.
  • Pockets Between Teeth and Gums – Noticeable gaps or spaces forming between teeth and gums.

  • Poor Oral Hygiene – Inadequate brushing and flossing allow plaque to build up on teeth and harden into tartar, leading to gum inflammation and infection.
  • Smoking or Chewing Tobacco – Tobacco use weakens the immune system and impairs gum health, increasing the risk of gum disease.
  • Genetics – Some individuals are more genetically predisposed to gum disease, even with good oral hygiene.
  • Poor Nutrition – A diet lacking in essential nutrients, especially vitamin C, can weaken the immune system and make gums more susceptible to infection.
  • Certain Medical Conditions – Conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, and certain autoimmune disorders can increase the risk of gum disease.
  • Medications – Certain drugs, including those that cause dry mouth or gum overgrowth, can contribute to gum problems.
  • Hormonal Changes – Changes related to pregnancy, menstruation, or menopause can affect gum health, making them more sensitive to plaque.
  • Bruxism (Teeth Grinding) – Excessive teeth grinding puts stress on the gums and bones, leading to damage over time.
  • Crooked Teeth or Misaligned Bite – Misaligned teeth can be harder to clean, leading to plaque buildup and gum disease.

  • Professional Cleaning (Scaling and Polishing)

    • For Gingivitis and Early Periodontitis: The dentist or hygienist removes plaque and tartar from the surface of the teeth and below the gumline. This helps reduce inflammation and prevents further damage.

  • Scaling and Root Planing (Deep Cleaning)

    • For Moderate Periodontitis: A more thorough cleaning procedure that removes plaque and tartar from the tooth roots, smoothing out rough areas to prevent bacteria from reattaching. This helps gums heal and reattach to the teeth.

  • Antibiotic Treatment

    • Topical or Oral: Antibiotics may be prescribed to help control infection and reduce bacteria in the gum pockets. These can be in the form of gels, mouth rinses, or oral antibiotics.

  • Pocket Reduction Surgery (Flap Surgery)

    • For Advanced Periodontitis: In cases where deep pockets have formed between the teeth and gums, surgery may be necessary. The gums are lifted back to allow the dentist to clean the roots more effectively. Afterward, the gums are sutured back into place.

  • Bone and Tissue Grafting

    • For Severe Periodontal Damage: If gum disease has caused bone or tissue loss, grafting procedures may be needed to regenerate lost bone or gum tissue. This can help restore structure and prevent further tooth loss.

  • Laser Therapy

    • For Minimally Invasive Treatment: Some dental offices use lasers to remove infected tissue and promote faster healing, offering a less invasive option with minimal discomfort.

  • Maintenance and Follow-Up Care

    • Ongoing Care: After treatment, regular check-ups and cleanings are crucial to prevent the recurrence of gum disease. You may need more frequent dental visits if your periodontal health requires it.

Regular cleanings and maintaining good oral hygiene are essential to preventing gum disease and protecting your smile. If you’re experiencing signs of gum disease, such as bleeding gums or bad breath, book an appointment today for an assessment and treatment.